Joe at the "End of History!"

Where in the world was Joe this time?

First, some hints:

Joe is facing south.
The green cork cover of the wine bottle is pointing to the vineyard, about one mile away, where the grapes in that wine were grown.

The radical literati students of 1806 (including young Goethe and Schiller) were meeting in a little tavern with a translated name of "The Green Fir" which still serves wonderful food and drink today. That tavern is about twenty steps to Joe's left. 

On the hill in the background over Joe's right shoulder, Napoleon Bonaparte and his "Grand Army of Liberation" had dug in for their final assault on October 14th, against the Prussian vanguard of the "Fourth Coalition."

A Philosophy teacher at the University, still a marvelous University today, sitting a kilometer to Joe's right, made the odd statement that this battle (October 14, 1806) marked the "End of History."

So in a figurative kind of way, Joe is standing at the point where the radical student activists of their day began the Occupy Movement that ended up restarting "History." 

For full credit,

Name the cheese in Joe's sandwich.
Name the river over which this bridge crosses.
Name the city that is connected by this bridge.
Name the Philosophy teacher who called the battle the "End of History."